The BAL fluid IL-8 was elevated in HIV-infected patients with P carinii pneumonia and correlated with the BAL fluid absolute neutrophil count. These data suggest that IL-8 mediates recruitment and activation of neutrophils in P carinii pneumonia and may thereby contribute to the hypoxia seen in this infection. Interleukin-8 also may play a role in…
Discussion Despite recent growing interest in the biology of P carinii and pathophysiology of P carinii pneumonia, little is known of the pathogenesis of lung injury in this disease. Similarly, the pathogenesis of NIP, a frequent cause of respiratory symptoms in patients with HIV infection, remains obscure. Several groups have suggested that cytokines, particularly tumor…
Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid IL-8 was elevated in patients with P carinii pneumonia compared with that in normal volunteers (p = 0.009; Fig IB) and correlated with absolute neutrophil count (r=0.73; p = 0.005) but not with P(A-a)02 (r = 0.57; p = 0.11). BAL fluid LTB4 was not elevated in patients with…
Interleukins Interleukin-8 was measured in unconcentrated BAL using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (Research and Diagnostic Systems, Minneapolis). The detection limit of this assay is 18 pg/ml. Statistical Analysis Values for BAL LTB4, IL-8, PLA, and absolute neutrophil count are reported as mean± SEM. Differences between groups were evaluated using the Wilcoxon rank…
Radioimmunoassay for Leukotriene B4 Leukotriene B4 was measured in HPLC fractions and extracts of BAL supernatants by radioimmunoassay (LTB4 antiserum, Advanced Magnetics, Cambridge, Mass). The detection limit of this assay is 8.2 picogram (pg)/sample.
High Performance Liquid Chromatography High performance liquid chromatography was performed as previously described on a Beckman model 344 liquid chromatography system (Beckman Instruments Inc, Fullerton, Cal) using an Ultrasphere C18 column (4.7 x 250 mm) with 5 |un particle size (Beckman) together with an Ultrasphere C18 precolumn (4.7 x 45 mm). The gradient program of…
The remaining fluid was centrifuged at 4°C for 10 min at 1,500 g, and the clarified supernatant was saved at — 70°C until assayed. Prostaglandin Bt (200 ng; Sigma Chemical Co, St. Louis, Mo) was added to one stored aliquot from each patient to serve as an internal standard for future high performance liquid chromatography…
Materials and Methods Collection of Clinical Specimens Bronchoalveolar lavage specimens were collected from patients undergoing diagnostic evaluation for suspected pulmonary disease, volunteers enrolled in a research protocol investigating HIV-positive patients without respiratory symptoms, and five normal volunteers. Only one patient of those from whom data were available (30 of 39 patients) was a smoker. No…
The demonstration of phospholipase activity in bronchoalveolar secretions of experimental animals with P carinii pneumonia, whether derived from host or organism, suggests several possible mechanisms of cellular injury. Phospholipase Ag (PLAJ hydrolyzes membrane phospholipids, producing membrane-damaging lysophospholipids and free fatty acids, and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of adult respiratory distress syndrome. PLA action…
Pulmonary complications of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are common causes of morbidity and mortality among patients with AIDS. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia has been the most common index diagnosis of AIDS and is among the most frequent causes of death. Nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis (NIP), characterized by diffuse alveolar damage and macrophage or lymphocytic infiltration, or…
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